11 Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Prefixes

a- (absence of, without)

an- (absence of, without)

ana- (up, upward or back, backward)

brady- (slow)

inter- (between)

pan- (all)

Combining Forms

immun/o (immune, immunity)

lymph/o (lymph, lymph tissue)

lymphaden/o (lymph gland, lymph node)

myel/o (bone marrow, spinal cord)

splen/o (spleen)

thym/o (thymus gland)

tox/o (poison)

Suffixes

-ac (one affected with)

-apheresis (withdrawal or removal)

-cyte (cell)

-ectomy (excision, cut out)

-itis (inflammation)

-logist (specialist, physician who studies and treats)

-logy (study of)

-megaly (enlarged, enlargement)

-oid (resembling)

-oma (tumor, swelling)

-osis (abnormal condition)

-pathy (disease)

-penia (decrease, deficiency)

-poiesis (formation, production)

-rrhaphy (suturing)

Apply the rules of medical language to pronounce, break into word parts, and define the following terms.

Label each word part by using the following abbreviations:

P = Prefix
WR = Word Root
CV = Combining Vowel
S = Suffix
CF = Combining Form

Example: osteoarthropathy (ä-stē-ō-är-THROP-ă-thē) – disease of bone and joint

WR     CV    WR     CV     S

oste / o / arthr / o /pathy

     CF               CF

Practice pronouncing and defining these medical terms that are not easily broken into word parts.

acute inflammation (ă-KŪT in-flă-MĀ-shŏn)

afferent lymphatic vessels (AF-ĕ-rĕnt lim-FAT-ik VES-ĕls)

allergen (AL-ĕr-jĕn)

allergist (AL-ĕr-jist)

allergy (AL-ĕr-jē)

antibody (ANT-i-bod-ē)

antigen (ANT-i-jĕn)

apoptosis (ap-ŏp-TŌ-sĭs)

autoimmune disease (OT-ō-im-yūn diz-ĒZ)

bone marrow (bōn MAR-ō)

chronic inflammation (KRON-ĭk in-flă-MĀ-shŏn)

chyle (kīl)

efferent lymphatic vessels (EF-ĕ-rĕnt lim-FAT-ik VES-ĕls)

erythroblastosis fetalis (ĕ-rĭth-rō-blăs-TŌ-sĭs fĕ-TAL-ĭs)

graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)

histamine (HIS-tă-mēn)

immunity (im-Ū-nĭt-ē)

immunodeficiency (im-yŭ-nō-dĕ-FISH-ĕn-sē)

immunological memory (im-yŭ-NOL-ŏ-jē- kăl MEM-ŏ-rē)

inflammation (in-flă-MĀ-shŏn)

innate immune response (ĭn-NĀT i-MŪN ri-SPONS)

intersititial (in-tĕr-STISH-ăl)

intersititial space (in-tĕr-STISH-ăl spās)

lymph (limf)

lymph node (limf nōd)

passive immunity (PĂS-ĭv im-Ū-nĭt-ē)

severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) (im-yŭ-nō-dĕ-FISH-ĕn-sē)

spleen (splēn)

thymus (THĪ-mŭs)

tonsils (TON-sĭls)

vaccine (vak-SĒN)

Practice pronouncing and defining these commonly abbreviated lymphatic and immune terms.

Sort the terms from the word lists above into the following categories.

• Disease and Disorder (terms describing any deviation from normal structure and function)
• Diagnostic (terms related to process of identifying a disease, condition, or injury from its signs and symptoms)
• Therapeutic (terms related to treatment or curing of diseases)
• Anatomic (terms related to body structure)

Use terms related to the lymphatic and immune systems.

Label the following lymphatic system anatomy.

adenoid | bone marrow | lymph nodes | lymph vessel | right lymphatic duct, entering vein | spleen | thymus | tonsil

Place the following medical terms in context to complete the scenario below.

allergies | dander | distress | drainage | Dyspnea | heart | iron | itchy | medications | q.d. | rhinitis | runny

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM – MEDICAL REPORT

PATIENT NAME: Sally WESSON
AGE: 43
SEX: Female
DOB: September 26
DATE OF ASSESSMENT: March 20
ATTENDING PHYSICIAN: Trevor Sharpe, MD

CHIEF COMPLAINT: Allergies.

HISTORY: A 43-year-old Asian female states being very tired and irritable. She had presented watery and ________ eyes, itchy throat, sneezing, ________, and stuffy nose. She has family history of ________. She always struggled with many different allergies: dust, pollen, cat and dog ________. She had tried different types of over-the-counter allergy ________, but they didn’t help to alleviate the symptoms. She is currently taking Reactine 5 mg daily which does not relieve all of her symptoms.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: GENERAL: Patient is pale and in moderate ________. VITAL SIGNS: Weight 160 pounds, B/P 120/80, ________ rate 90 beats per minute, respiratory rate 18 per minute, temperature 98.6 F. HEENT: EYES: Red, watery, itching, burning and swelling. EARS: Normal. NOSE: Mouth breathing, sneezing, runny and itchy nose, post-nasal ________, nasal congestion. THROAT: Itchy and swollen. CHEST: ________ and wheezing.

MEDICATIONS

1. Reactine 5 mg ________.
2. Escitalopram 20 mg q.d.
3. Lorazepam 0.5 mg p.r.n. nightly at bedtime.
4. Fenofibrate 145 mg q.h.s.

ASSESSMENT

1. Patient has severe seasonal allergic ________.
2. Possible anemia.

PLAN

1. Recommended Reactive 10 mg q.d.
2. Referred to an allergist to provide patient more options for allergy treatments.
3. Ordered a blood work to check her ________ and cholesterol levels.
4. Follow up in 4 days to review her blood work results.

_________________________________
Trevor Sharpe, MD

Place the following medical terms in context to complete the scenario below.

cervical | crypts | dysphagia | erythema | fatigued | fever | gargles | pseudomembranes | stones | temperature | tonsillectomy | tonsillitis | tonsillolith

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM – MEDICAL REPORT

PATIENT NAME: Celine CAMERON
AGE: 16
SEX: Female
DOB: March 25
DATE OF ASSESSMENT: August 4
ATTENDING PHYSICIAN: Grant Talbot, MD, Pediatrics

HISTORY: This is a 16-year-old female today with complaints of throat pain. She has been struggling with inflamed tonsils for the last 2 weeks. The patient claims that tonsil ________ are forming and that a white film has appeared over their tonsils. She has been feeling very ________, has developed a mild ________ and occasionally feel nauseous.

The client has a family history of ________ resulting in tonsillectomy. She mentioned that her grandmother experienced recurrent tonsillitis around the same age. The condition of tonsillitis has occurred on 2 other occasions in the past 5 months.

PHYSICAL AND EXAMINATION: Ms. Cameron is in no acute distress. She appears fatigued. VITAL SIGNS: Blood Pressure 132/83, ________ is slightly elevated at 99.6, pulse 67. She is in generally in good condition. Throat palpation was performed. There is significant enlargement of the ________ lymph nodes. She appears to be experiencing ________. Throat was examined and revealed swelling, ________ and tonsillar ________ visible. A ________ was seen to be forming within one of the crypts. Celine’s claims of ________ were also confirmed. She denies any symptoms such as a nasal discharge, cough, or abdominal pain. Throat was swabbed.

ASSESSMENT: Ms. Cameron appears to be experiencing recurrent tonsillitis correlated to exaggerated tonsillar crypts. Possible ________ may be required.

PLAN

1. Patient was given a referral to an ENT specialist and may require tonsillectomy.
2. The patient was instructed to follow a diet of soft, smooth foods and soothing liquids.
3. It was suggested that the patient use saltwater ________ in the mornings and before bed.
4. A prescription of Amoxicillin 400 mg p.o. p.c.

___________________________________
Grant Talbot, MD, Pediatrics

Place the following medical terms in context to complete the scenario below.

dysphagia | enlarged | erythromycin | ibuprofen | lymph | prescribed | surgery | tonsillectomy

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM – MEDICAL REPORT

PATIENT NAME: Jason MACDONALD
AGE: 7
SEX: Male
DOB: August 19
DATE OF ASSESSMENT: November 15
ATTENDING PHYSICIAN: Grant Talbot, MD, Pediatrics

DIAGNOSIS: Tonsillitis

HISTORY: This 7-year-old white male has been seen by me on several occasions over the last two years. He has complained of pharyngitis, ________ , and fever. I have ________ erythromycin in the past.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: When I examined Jason today, he once again had the same complaints as in the past. I also noticed that the ________  nodes in his neck were ________  and tender. He had a temperature of 39 degrees.

TREATMENT: I gave Jason ________  for his fever and prescribed ________ again.

PLAN: It is my recommendation that Jason undergo a ________ . Jason’s parents are in agreement. I will make the arrangements for Jason’s ________.

_________________________
Grant Talbot, MD, Pediatrics

Test your knowledge by answering the questions below.

1. Mast cell
2. Cisterna chyli
3. Histamine

1. Plasma cell
2. Thoracic duct
3. Lymph

1. Lymphatic capillaries
2. Thymus
3. Antigen

1. Bone marrow
2. Interferons
3. Neutrophil

1. Immunological memory
2. Chemokine
3. Barrier defenses